All posts by Jaewoo Joo

Jaewoo teaches and writes about design thinking, behavioral economics, and field experiment for customer experience. He is professor of marketing and participating professor of experience design at Kookmin University. Jaewoo has been Visiting Scholar at Stanford University since September 2024.

Studio blank, wood material for product line

20130427_Design @ Seoul (9)

About an year ago, I met two artists who opened StudioBlank and carved wood like a bowling pin. They produced a single product: wood massager called Tapi. We discussed how to increase sales and I suggested them to vary its size in order to target different segments. For example, sales representatives might be interested in small-sized Tapi because they want to give something special to their clients.

Recently, I visited StudioBlank’s newly opened shop and found that the two artists did not simply change the size of their product but developed the product line. Now, they make and sell from typical massagers to aroma diffusers, wooden pillows, and special (acupressure) massagers.

Marketers wonder how to develop/extend the product line without sacrificing the consistency among the products. They tend to focus on visual cues such as brands, logos, or colors. However, product designers can use material, the essence of the product, as a vehicle to develop a successful product line.

Kimjaejin.com
Kimjaejin.com

Wood wick for soothing sound

20130427_Design @ Seoul (3)

When we buy candles, we generally consider how they look or how they smell. Therefore, most candle makers carve their candles artistically or add scents to the candle waxes (e.g., Red Roses of Jo Malone). However, some candle makers pay attention to a different aspect of candle: wick.

A candle wick is usually a braided cotton that holds the flame of a candle. Wicks can be made of material other than string or cord, such as wood, although they are rare (Wikipedia). Recently, I met a candle maker who was selling wood wick candles. She told me her candles make a relaxing SOUND of burning wood. Since I was fascinated by the sound, I bought her candle without considering how it looked or how it smelled.

Designers and marketers are always searching for latent needs, the needs that consumers do not express verbally. Since a wide variety of shapes and scents are existing in the candle market, candle designers and marketers consider innovating their candles by offering different types of burning sounds.

Reference

Urban, G. L., & Hauser, J. R. (2004). “Listening in” to find and explore new combinations of customer needsJournal of Marketing68(2), 72-87.

By “listening in” to ongoing dialogues between customers and Web-based virtual advisers (e.g., Kelley Blue Book’s Auto Choice Advisor), the authors identify new product opportunities based on new combinations of customer needs. The data are available at little incremental cost and provide the scale necessary for complex products (e.g., 148 trucks and 129 customer needs in the authors’ application). The authors describe and evaluate the methodologies with formal analysis, Monte Carlo simulation (calibrated on real data), and a “proof-of-concept” application in the pickup-truck category (more than 1000 Web-based respondents). The application identified opportunities for new truck platforms worth approximately $2.4 billion–$3.2 billion and $1 billion–$2 billion, respectively.

Alternative to made in China

Apple
http://tradediversion.net/2011/03/24/made-in-a-series-of-places/

Wikipedia says,

The Made in China label is one of the most recognizable labels in the world today due to China’s  rapidly developing large manufacturing industry, China is currently the largest exporter in the world and the Made in China label can be seen on a wide range of goods from clothing to electronics. U.S. law requires the country of origin of a product to be clearly displayed on the product, or on the product’s container if it is enclosed, resulting in many corporations such as Apple labeling their products with “Designed by Apple in California Assembled in China.

Hello from Seattle
http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2007/10/05.html

Microsoft once labeled their Zune products as “Hello from Seattle, Assembled in China.”

LABC_C434
http://www.lab-c.co.kr/product/product_c400.html#c434

Plus-X is an established design consulting agency in Seoul, Korea. It completed a brand experience consulting project for YG entertainment successfully. YG entertainment has many Korean singers and Asian entertainers including Psy who suddenly appeared on the global music stage with his mega hit song, “Gangnam Style.”

Recently, Plus-X launched a smartphone case under the name of Lab C. Inspired by the PSY’s Gangnam Style, it labeled the case as “Designed by Lab C, in Gangnam, Material by Italy.” This label is eye-catching and more importantly works well because people in Gangnam are known to be trendy, hip and exude a certain supposed class (though it would have been more noticeable if it says “Stylized in Gangnam”). My friend and colleague, Soren Petersen, also wrote about what design can learn from Gangnam style. Thank you, PSY. You help Koreans to be creative!

Psy
Newman, George E. and Ravi Dhar (2014), “Authenticity Is Contagious: Brand Essence and the Original Source of Production,” Journal of Marketing Research, 51 (3), 371–386.

It is well established that differences in manufacturing location can affect consumer preferences through lay inferences about production quality. In this article, the authors take a different approach to this topic by demonstrating how beliefs in contagion (the notion that objects may acquire a special aura or “essence” from their past) influence perceptions of authenticity for everyday consumer products and brands. Specifically, they find that due to a belief in contagion, products from a company’s original manufacturing location are viewed as containing the essence of the brand. In turn, this belief in transferred essence leads consumers to view products from the original factory as more authentic and valuable than identical products made elsewhere. The authors further reveal that consumers who are higher in sensitivity to contagion are more likely to exhibit this effect and that activating the concept of contagion enhances preferences for products made in the brand’s original factory. The authors close by discussing theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

Should we go noisy or quiet when exporting goods?

Image

People like imported goods. Some like them so much that they even pick up the old license plates and place them outside their buildings for an aesthetic reason. (Note that this tiny run-down building is located in the center of Seoul and must have nothing to do with Nebraska or Iowa)

Image

Imported goods are welcomed in particular when exporting countries are highly qualified. This, so called, COO (Country Of Origin) effect is well established for Germany, France and Japan. Recently, I found that Canada Goose is also enjoying the same effect. It is a popular fashion brand designed for extreme cold weather conditions. According to my undergraduate students, Canada Goose is hugely popular because it is made in Canada not in US, Russia or China. They particularly love its huge label saying “Canada Goose Arctic Program.”

Differently from Canada Goose, M0851, another successful Canadian fashion brand says nothing about Canada. Although it started in Montreal and seems to be well established in Canada, it has no clue about where it comes from. One Canadian fashion brand speaks loudly, while the other keeps silent about where it was born. Interestingly, they both run business well.

Canada Goose LabelM0851

Different Ads, different people, same products

20130421_@ Museum (10)

I visited a special exhibition at the Seoul Museum of History and met an old day of Korean advertisement.

“Title: Seoul Nostalgia: A Retrospective Photographic Exhibition of Kim Hanyong

Having started as a news photographer in 1947 at ‘Gukje Bodo’ (International Report), Kim Han-yong is a renowned photographer who has devoted himself solely to photography throughout his life. His professional traces crossing genres such as news, art and advertisement can be translated into the records of Korea’s contemporary history. This exhibition consists broadly of the two themes: ‘Memories of City’ and ‘Portraits of the beauty’. ‘Memories of City’ displays the dynamic changes that Seoul and the people living in it have gone through since the 1950’s. ‘Portraits of the beauty’ presents some 70 advertising posters created by Kim, commonly referred to as an ‘advertising photography magnate’. He says that he has never forgotten photography for a moment in his life of 90 years. Thanks to this passionate artist, we can discover our own portraits of the days when we dreamed with hope despite difficult circumstances.”

20130421_@ Museum (5)

I had an interesting observation when I compared between the Coca-cola ad and Hyundai-Ford ad in the 1970s. About 40 years ago, Coca-cola was advertised WITH pencil-drawing consumers while the Hyundai-Ford car was advertised WITHOUT drivers. Since then, this trend has become opposite: Coca-cola is now showing Coke (or bear)  whereas Hyundai is now demonstrating how people drive vehicles.

How do we evaluate designs?

20130415_Design @ Kmu ID (1)

My friend teaches Product Design. He uses coffee maker in his course. Students disassemble and assemble a coffee maker and then design a new one.

A few days ago, I was invited to see the designs that his students submitted to his course. After discussing with him which ones are well designed and why, I made two interesting observations.

20130415_Design @ Kmu ID (3)

First, only few coffee maker designs have cords. He and I reached a consensus that most students failed to take into account how their newly designed coffee makers work or look like in reality. Only few thought these issues deeply and put some flavor of reality. Interestingly, we reached another consensus that the coffee makers with the cords are generally better designed than those without cords.

20130415_Design @ Kmu ID (5)

Next, we chose the identical coffee maker as well designed for different reasons. I chose it because its look and feel is appealing whereas he chose it because it may work well compared to others. Although I always assume that aesthetics and usefulness are in a trade-off situation, they are not necessarily traded off in the reality.

Timid-looking electric vehicle


At the Seoul Motor Show, I came across an unique electric vehicle—not for its powerful performance, but for its gentle name and modest design. It is called Yebbujana, meaning “Beautiful, isn’t it?” Its curvy body and four tiny headlamps give it a soft, almost timid appearance.

20130330_@ Seoul Motor Show (22)

In general, giving a product an inviting name and approachable design can be a smart strategy, especially when introducing something new and unfamiliar. It helps reduce potential resistance from consumers.

However, in this case, the car seems almost too shy—both in name and appearance—to inspire confidence as a vehicle we would want to drive.

***

Reference

Scherder, R., & Drauz, R. (2013). Influence of car design within the electric mobility marketInternational Journal of Technology Marketing8(4), 453-473.

This paper investigates how customers want electric cars to look like in comparison to current cars. A survey gives insight into customer preferences. With the upcoming electric mobility, automotive technology is becoming more homogenous, making design important as differentiation possibility. The survey results overall show big design changes to be of less relevance compared to small or no design changes. Interestingly, this changes, when the participants are informed about the advantages of purpose design. Moreover, the majority does not prefer car design expressing the electric mobility. Here also a gap between German and international participants is observed. German customers have a significantly lower preference of design changes. The design change is differed by the car views front, side, rear, and interior and compared to sex, age and nationality of participants. Also vehicle classes and preferred design visions are compared. Here again, no and small design changes prevail. With regard to the customer point of view, thus the implementation of design-driven innovation in electric mobility needs to be handled with care. Gained insights provide the possibility to derive electric mobility design strategies. The participant’s preferences change towards bigger design changes when being informed about purpose design reveals a practical implication for marketing activities.

How to collect creative ideas massively?

20130327_Soren @ KMU (1)

Soren Petersen gave a talk about how to collect creative ideas in a massive scale. He applied crowdsourcing methods to address a wide variety of design issues including design marketing conflicts, animal rescue, peace innovation, to name a few. He shared his experience that social platforms such as LinkedIn and HuffingtonPost are useful to prioritize problems, solicit solutions, and share insights with professional designers.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Ka3jDAWKeA

What happens when the men’s room sign is pink?

20130315_Washroom @ Ewha Women University (2)

Blue is for boys and pink is for girls. This color-gender association is strongly established in many countries. In a women’s university in Korea, however, signs for men’s rooms and for ladies’ rooms are both colored in pink. My friend said that they use the same color to avoid any possible gender discrimination. Interestingly however, pink signs confuse men when searching for men’s room. Indeed, “men” needs to be written down on the door of men’s room.

20130315_Washroom @ Ewha Women University (3)

This raises a series of interesting questions.

  • First, does the different colors discriminate different genders?
  • Second, if this is the case, should we sacrifice our color-based convenience in order to promote social justice?
  • Third, if color-based convenience needs to be replaced with other coding systems, what are the other ways that do not discriminate gender? For instance, if the shape-gender association is a good candidate (below), how could we UN-learn the color-gender association and then learn the shape-gender association?
20130315_Washroom @ Ewha Women University (1)

***

Reference

Scarpina, F., & Tagini, S. (2017). The stroop color and word testFrontiers in psychology8, 557.

The literature on interference in the Stroop Color and Word Test, covering over 50 yrs and some 400 studies, is organized and reviewed. In so doing, a set of 18 reliable empirical findings is isolated that must be captured by any successful theory of the Stroop effect. Existing theoretical positions are summarized and evaluated in view of this critical evidence and the 2 major candidate theories, relative speed of processing and automaticity of reading, are found to be wanting. It is concluded that recent theories placing the explanatory weight on parallel processing of the irrelevant and the relevant dimensions are likely to be more successful than are earlier theories attempting to locate a single bottleneck in attention.

Hyundai Motors, UX for car marketing

Hyundai i30

Hyundai released i30 in Europe. So far, most of its marketing messages focus on how it looks (design) and what special features it has (convenience). However, I came up with a different thought after watching a youtube video that one of my German friends recommended me to watch. In the video, Martin Winterkorn, the Chairman of the Volkswagen AG, studied the Hyundai i30 personally at the Motorshow in Frankfurt IAA 2011.

Between 1:30 and 2:00 minutes, he tilted up and down i30’s steering wheel and then said,

“There is no noise. BMW can’t do it. We can’t do it”

I am personally surprised that BMW cars make noises while Hyundai do not. Interestingly, some BMW drivers already posted this issue on a website to look for a solution (e.g., Creaking noise when tilting steering wheel). Hyundai marketers should go beyond traditional issues such as look & feel, convenience, or gas mileage to raise a new issue (e.g., noise of tilting steering wheel or, more broadly speaking, user experience) and differentiate their cars.